What Do You Need to Know About Nucleophilic Sites in the Chemistry Tutor?

What Do You Need to Know About Nucleophilic Sites in the Chemistry Tutor?What do you need to know about nucleophilic sites in the chemistry tutor? Here's a basic introduction. A nucleophile site is a chemical element that contains two electrons, one of which has an extra 'ground' electron. The nucleus of a nucleophile is open to the normal flow of positively charged nucleons but the negatively charged electrostatic charges within the molecular framework of the nucleophile are offset by this extra 'ground' electron, resulting in the nucleophile attracting positively charged nucleons from surrounding molecules.The existence of these sites was first observed in molecules such as those containing hydrogen and nitrogen, or when a strong base or an electronegative electron-pair of the nucleophile was added to a neutral base. It is not known why the nucleophile was seen to be negatively charged, but many nucleophilic sites that have been found are ionic and their presence is in the left and right hands of the DNA double helix.It is well known that water acts as a nucleophile; so do a lot of other molecules. Water in its liquid state behaves like a single proton, with two protons each located in the same position as the water molecule. In fact water is said to be a nucleophile because it will react positively with an alkaline. Hydrogen, on the other hand, reacts negatively with water.But why would one expect from one molecule to react differently with another than one would expect to react with itself? If one were to make a molecule out of water, it would be expected to react with a pH-neutral base, which is not exactly the case. This is an important point: even though water is a nucleophile, this does not necessarily mean that it will react positively with an alkaline - the hydrogen and oxygen molecules within the water molecule have an affinity for the adjacent acidic molecules, creating a strong positive charge around the water molecule, leaving it open to react wit h a neutral.It is important to realize that any nucleophile, including water, has a stronger affinity for negative bases, making it less likely that an alkaline base will attack the nucleophile. This means that alkaline bases (such as sulfuric acid) are less likely to attack the nucleophile.So what do we know about the nucleophile? We know that there are very few nucleophilic sites in nature, and that most are in the left and right hands of the DNA double helix. We also know that natural DNA strands often have 'proto-nucleophiles' or so-called 'facilitated nucleophiles' that are the same as the nucleophile but with a different structure.One very important thing to remember about nucleophilic sites in the chemistry tutor is that, although they are often thought of as having a certain kind of 'site disadvantage,' there are actually many sites that could have a very different chemistry. For example, the nucleophile in the case of the H+ ion in the chlorine atom in the molecule (hydroge n chloride) is always neutral. There are no beneficial sites for the H+ ion (whereas the neutral site in the case of the H- ion (hydrogen chloride) is much more helpful. In the case of the chemical hydrogen, the H+ ion is much more strongly opposed by the phosphate group of the DNA molecule, and in the case of chlorine the hydrogen ion is more strongly negatively charged, so that the water molecule will react with the water molecule, resulting in a change in the water molecule structure.